Pile wire



Oct. 18, 1932. M. B. BEHRMAN PILE WIRE Patented Oct. 18,. .1932

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE MARCUS n isnnn unuor BROOKLYN, NEW YORIL'ASSIGNOR T0 LOX SEAL CORPORATION,

" or nnooxmrn, NEW YORK, A CORPORATION on NEW. YORK PILE WIRE application filed December a, 1930. Serial 1%. 500,704.

My present invention relates generally to a pile wire and more particularly to an -arrangement for permitting the pilewire to operate more efiiciently and} withless. difficulty during the weaving process. n V

I have illustrated my invention in the drawing and herein disclose it as embodied in a pile wire having associated therewith a blade holder for cutting the pile because it is in this relationship that my invention will be most frequently employed. It will be understood,

however, that as; to the broader phases of my invention, it is not to be limited to such character of pile wire unless the language specifically calls for such limitation. I A great deal'ofdifliculty has been encountered in the employment of pile wires be- 7 cause'the withdrawal of the pile wire into the hopper is resisted by the friction" developed between it and the warp threads and because of the fact that this friction engenders a great deal of heat so that the pile wire will tend to heat up and possibly effect the fabric beingwoven, j 7

Furthermore, in the shedding operation, the warp threads are crossed at each side of thepile wire and there will therefore be a tendency for the warpsto pack at the opposite sides. of a pile wire and this serves still further to increase the difficulties;

7 It is one of the objects of my invention to so devise and construct a pile wire as to reduce the amount of friction and therefore decrease the resistance offered to the withdrawal of the pile wire by the warp threads and this, I accomplish by. reducingthe area of the-surface contact between the-pile wire and the warp threads without at'the same time decreasing the size of the pile wire.

It is another object of my invention to so arrange and construct the pile wire as to provide specificallyfor the fact thatthe' material bulks where the warp threads'cross and this I accomplish bydecreasing the. thickness of the pile wire along the areas which correspond more or less to the-points where the crossing takes place.

In attempting toovercome the difficulty of the resistance by the. warp threads to the withdrawal of the wire by lubricating the and this I accomplish by so contouring certain selected Walls for the pile wire that the scale of aportion of the pile wire operatively present constructed, are inefficient for this purpose because of the fact that the lubrication does not stick to the pile wire sufficiently long to accomplish its purpose.

. It is one of the further objects of my .invention to so arrange and construct the pile wire that the lubrication associated therewith be carried with the pile wire so as to more sufficiently serve the purpose intended lubrication can be simply and sufiiciently received within those walls, and held therewithin for the purpose of serving its intended purpose throughoutthe complete withdrawal of the pile wire. 7

I11 the illustrated embodiments of my invention'herein disclosed, I attain all of the above objectives by decreasing the thickness of the pile wire intermediate its top and bottom so as not only to decrease the surface contact between the warps and the pile wire, but by properly selecting the location of this decreased thickness to make provision additionally for the retention by the pile wire of lubricant associated therewith.

For the attainment of these objects and such other objects as may hereinafter appear or be pointed out, I have illustrated embodiments 'of my invention in the drawing, whereining a blade holder associated therewith, and

the pile wire brokenaway intermediate its ends Figure 2 is a view similar to that of Figure 1 on an enlarged scale, of the spoon end of the pile wire; n 1 1 Figure 3 is a section taken on line aa of Figure 1; 1

Figure 4 is a section similar tothat of. Figure 3 of a modification;

Figure 5 is asection similar to that of Figure 3 of a further modification; 7

Figure 6 is a section similar to that of Figure 3 of a still furthermodification, and

Figure 7 is a top view upon an exaggerated associated with a series of warp loops during the cutting of the latter.

Before proceeding to describe my invention I will premise that where pile wires are to merely form the loops, they have no cutting implement associated therewith and where they areintended'to form the loops and then cut through the loops, they have associated with them cutting edges which function upon the retraction of the pile wire to cut through the loops formed thereabout. I have illustrated my invention as embodied in a pile wire having a cutting attachment associated therewith (first) because this is the more common form and (secondly) because .the embodiment of myinvention in a pile wire having a blade holder associated therewith gives rise'to some-additional"problems which the further ClBVGlOPlIlOIltOfHlY invention has attempted to solve. While, therefore, I have illustrated and herein described my invention as 'embodied'in such a type of pile wire, itwill be understood, of

course, my invention is generally ofgeneric 'application'unless the languageof the claims specifically sets forth otherwise.

I will further premise that the weaving arts have developed "toa point where the jbroad looms LIB bQCOIDIIIg larger and larger to weave fabrics, such as carpets, of increased width "and that therefore,'the;pile wires-employed in such looms are getting longer and longer until'pile wire's'are now being used whichare almost 2O' feet in length. The increase in the-length of pile wire hasnecessi- "tated the increase in theother dimensions of the pilewire so that not onlyhave factors *whichwer'ehitherto of minor importance become of major importanca'but wholly new factors have arisen. For example, the surface areasin contactwith' the loops have'increased, thus givingrise to increased =resist ances and-increased heatingof the pile wire. The invention which I will now describe is directed to meeting these "problems 'In Figure 1 ofthe drawing isillustrated' a oile wire made-u of thewire ro er lO the head '11,:andthe spoon end 12. Associated with the spoon end is blade holder 13. The

-blade'(not shown) is intended to bereceived in a slot the blade holder 13 and held therein by the lug =14 and othermeans which will not be described-herein because they are to be made the subject of a separate application.

The pile wire 10.is shown in cross section in Figure 3, as having its upper and lower surfaces 15 and 16 rounded and as merging into the side walls 17 and 18, thus giving to'the pile wire a generally oval shape for eliminating as far as possible anysharp edges which might act adversely upon the fabric.

Itwill lee-understood that the pile wire of Figure 3 is of rather unusual length, height and thickness because-1t is to beemployed in a very large broad loom. I have thinned out the side walls 17 and 18 of the pile wire of Figure 3 from a point adjacent the upper wall 15 to a point adjacent the lower wall 16 so as to provide the concavities 20' and 21, which gradually taper outwardly and merge into the upper and lower portions of thesidewalls 17 and 18.

:Ihave attempted'to show this in Figure 7 more or less diagrammatically.

As a result of this arrangement. the space between the adjacent ,pile wires is increased materially between the conc'avitv-21 on one pilewireand the concavity 20 on the next adjacentpile wireto the right in Figure 3, so

'asto allow forthe nackingtendency of the loops where they cross.

In the weaving operation when the wefts are beaten up, the pile wire and the warp'sections' therebetween-will be closely compacted andthe withdrawal of-the pile wires, particu larly where they are of thelarge size as illustrated in Figure 3 will meet with such aresistance due to the friction between the warp-sections and theside walls 1'7-and 18, that it has-become a'seriouszproblemin the .employment o'f :pilewires in looms of this type. The provision of'the concavities 20 and 21 attains theobjective of reducing this I friction factor to a minimum.

Furthermore, not only are broadlooms presentedwith aproblem-of providing for these,

increased resistances, but the friction orthe resistances engenders heat which heats up the wire to points where frequently damage isidone to the fabric. The provision of the concavities 20 and 21 and the selection of their'location. I'h'ave found has reduced this heatingfactor-to a minimum (first) because of the generation of'heat is greatly reduced, and (secondly) is taken up by the portions of the pile wire between the concavit-ies'20.

and 21' so as to still further reduce the heating factor. v

In addition the grooves 20 and 21 (see Fig. 1) reduce the weight of. the pile wire without substantially decreasing its rigidity.

The side walls 17 and 18 areeach made up of three sections, for example, the side wall '17 is made up of the upper surface 17, the concave section 21 and-the lower portion .Thesurface contact with the pile wire will be I made by the warp sections only with the side-wall nortionsl'f and 18 at'the top side wall'sections of the pile wire 17 and-=- 17 So also the outer' side wall 18 is made up of the upper section 18', the concavity 20 and the lower section'18 Lil! 17" were contiguous and continuous. The location of the concavity therebetween gives this added advantage. 1

In the actual operation of pile wires in the loom, the pile wires are held in a hopper and are thrown across the loom successively 54 on one side are 1n staggered relation to to form the loops as the successive sheds are formed. Where I have attempted to lubricate the pile wires, as for example, by having their side walls contact with a lubricant in the hopper as the pile wires are thrown across the loom, I have'found that the lubricatf ing action is inefficient because of the tension of the warp sections against the side walls for substantially their entire length. The presence in the pile wire of concavities 20 and 21 herein described not only enables the pile wire to pick up the lubricant in these concavities and feed this lubricant to sections 17 and 1'? on one side and to the sections 18 and 18 on the other side, but it also serves to retain the lubricant because of the facts that the warp sections are stretched across the concavities. The lubricating action is materially assisted by the minimization of the heating of the pile wire as already above referred to.

I have found that by this arrangement all of the problems hitherto attendant upon the use of the pile wire referred to, have been either wholly eliminated or minimized to an extent where they are no longer serious problems.

My arrangement, while particularly in tended for pile wires of the large size and of the character described in connection with Figure 3, has proven to be so advantageous that I have found that it serves admirably with pile wires of smaller size and less height and this I have attempted to show in Figure 4 of the drawing where a pile wire 80 is shown of the smaller type, provided with the concavities 31 and 32 generally like the concavities 20 and 21 of Figure 3, except that here the concavities willbe of less height due to the fact that the pile wire also is of less height and will be therefore of greater relative depth.

In Figure 5, I have shown a further development of my invention wherein a pile wire 35 of the character shown in Figure 2 is provided with a pair of grooves on each face. In this pile wire of Figure 5, the side wall to the right is made up of the flat soctions 36, 28 and in between which are formed the grooves or concavities 37 and39. The side wall on the left is similarly formed of the flat sections ll and i3 and 4:5, separated by the grooves 42 and 44. I

In Figure 6 I have shown an embodiment which is intended to allow of the, greater variation either in the depth of the concavis ties or in the thickness of the pile wire, and in this figure the pile wire has its side wall on the left formed of the sections 51,

is formed the enlarged groove or cavity 57.

It will be ,observedthat the grooves 52-and of my invention may be attained without making this groove exactly as shown in the drawing. For example, it maybe discontinuous.

Referring back to the Figures 1 and 2 of the drawing in whicha blade holder is shown as associated with the pile wire, it will be understood that the blade holder portion is formed separate and apart from the pile wire and is then associated with the pile wire as by a welding operation and the line A--A in 1 each of these figures is intended to represent approximately the line of the weld. In the association of the pile wire with the blade holder 13, I have found. it advisable to extend the grooves or concavities 20 and 21 into the blade holder and this I have done in a manner which causes this groove not only to taper upwardly and downwardly but also to taper forwardly to form the conically concave section 60. In this manner the presence of any abrupt shoulders between the groove portions 20 and 21 and the rest of the pile wire thereabout is eliminated.

Having thus described my invention and illustrated its use, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. A pile wire bar having spaced warp section engaging portions defining a side wall thereof and a groove therebetween.

2.. Apile wire bar having spaced engag- 1 ing portions defining the side walls thereof and grooves therebetween.

3. A pile wire bar having spaced engaging portions being substantially in the same plane, the material between said sections being depressed.

4.- A pile wire comprising an elongated bar of metal generally oblong shaped in cross section and having grooves on opposed faces thereof.

5. A pile wire comprising an elongated bar of metal generally oblong shaped in cross section and having a groove on a face thereof and directed generally parallel to the major axis of the oblongcross section.

1 6. A pile Wire: comprising an elongated bar of inetal ha vii'ig grooveson opposed fa'ces and directed generally parallel to 'the major axis ofthebar. I

7.1A pile Wire bar having spaced warp section engaging portions 'ona sidewall thereofand a groove therebetween, said groove tapering outwardly at itsupper and lower-ends and inerging lnto' said portions.

-- 8. A pile Wire bar having spaced. Warp section engaging portions on aside wal'l thereof and a groove tl1erebetWeen,-said groove tapering outwardly at its front-and upper and lower'ends and merging into said portions and the spoon end of the pile Wire. In Witness whereof- I have signed and sealed this specification. v

MARCUS B. BEHRMAN. 

